Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with the
British Heart Foundation (BHF) has launched a heart check-up to identify ‘your
heart age compared to your real age’. Is
it a valuable public health intervention or a waste of time and money?
It begins by asking age, gender, ethnicity and postcode.
Then: Do you have cardiovascular disease? No.
Do you smoke? No.
But I did. I quit two years, three months and thirteen days ago. Not that I’m still counting. But this does make a big difference. My heart
is ‘older’ than it would be if I’d never smoked, I know that. It can take up to
ten years for risk levels to return to those of a non-smoker.
Next it asks for height, weight and a few questions on medical
history. Pretty standard.
Then it asks what your cholesterol level and blood pressure are. How many people know that?
And that’s it, end of test. It tells me that my heart age is
four years older than my real age and says this:
Your risk of having a heart attack or stroke within the next 10 years
is 5.8%
Your heart age is an
estimate because you don't know all your numbers. We've based your result on
the national average.
If you have high
cholesterol and blood pressure, your heart age could be as high as 69.
Make an appointment
with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist to get your blood pressure and
cholesterol tested.
There are no questions about alcohol and drug consumption,
diet and exercise, all things which the NHS and PHE normally tell us make a big
difference to heart health. I’ve lived in central London all my adult life and we
keep being told how damaging pollution is to health and longevity so it might
be a good idea to include a question on that.
The NHS is already struggling, does it really need a few
million people making appointments to get their BP and cholesterol checked? Or do
they expect people to rush out and buy self-testing kits? And then going to the
GP when they get a high result. GPs have not surprisingly expressed concern
about this test adding to their already extreme workload.
Is it good public health policy to frighten people with an unrealistic
heart age? Who is the mythical ‘average’ person the figures are based on? I’m
considerably taller, lighter and fitter than the average woman, for example
(and an ex-smoker, yes, I know) so they can't use her to scare me like some sort of Baba Yaga.
There’s also the question of efficacy. NICE has already rejected the use of lifetime risk scores because of a lack of evidence, which means
they will scare people, overload GPs - and not have any effect. It’s not even a
case of the end justifying the means.
The people behind the project are defending it in various
parts of the media by saying it will raise awareness and start a conversation. As
an awareness raiser it fails because all it will do is frighten people into
going to the GP, or frighten them and then they’ll carry on as normal, or make them
think about making some changes and then give up after a few weeks because that’s
how we operate. No imminent threat, no motivation. Will there be any follow-up to see if people
have taken action? Doubtful.
If it’s a way of collecting information about the
population, then the holes in it make that information of very limited value –
unless all PHE wants to know is how many of us don’t know our BP and
cholesterol. This is not a compulsory test. The people doing it are
self-selecting, opting in, and the reasons they do this could skew the results.
Is it idle curiosity, concern, fear or some other reason? Is it mostly the
group known as the ‘worried well’? People on very low incomes and many old
people will be excluded because of lack of online access.
Heart disease is a serious and growing problem that takes
long-term investment and lifestyle management to tackle. According to the British Heart Foundation:
Heart and circulatory
diseases cause more than a quarter (26%) of all deaths in the UK - over 150,000
deaths each year, an average of 420 people each day or one death every three
minutes.
But hang on a minute… it also says:
Since the BHF was
established the annual number of deaths from heart and circulatory diseases in
the UK has fallen by more than half.
In 1961, more than
half of all deaths in the UK were attributed to CVD (320,000 deaths).
Since 1961 the UK
death rate from heart and circulatory diseases has declined by more than three
quarters.
Would it not perhaps be worth looking at why rates have
fallen, what else people are dying of, what interventions have worked in the
past, where limited resources could be most usefully targeted? For example, obesity
has risen since 1961, smoking rates have fallen and life expectancy has risen
so people are more likely to have multiple comorbidities that accumulate with
age – more than one potentially life-limiting condition at once.
As it happens, I did have my BP checked this week as part of
an ongoing treatment for something not heart-related. I didn’t put it in the test because I wanted to see what results came up. The nursing assistant who checked it
said he’d tried to take the test but it didn’t work because he was too
young. He agreed with me about the flaws in the design. (My BP is great, thanks
for asking).
If you do want to know about the state of your heart and its
future, you’d be better off doing this:
